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Symptoms of Intestinal TB and Its Treatment

Intestinal tuberculosis is a condition when the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects the abdominal organs, peritoneum (membranes in the abdominal cavity), and intestines. TB bacteria can spread to the abdominal organs through blood, lymph, or swallowed phlegm. The risk of developing this disease is increased in people who have low body resistance, such as malnutrition, diabetes, or HIV. TB or tuberculosis is one of the most infectious diseases that cause death in Indonesia. TB infection generally occurs in the lungs. However, TB bacteria can spread to other organs, especially the pleura (membrane covering the lung), lymph nodes, and intestines.

Symptoms of Intestinal TB

Symptoms of intestinal TB are often non-specific and difficult to distinguish from other intestinal diseases, such as colon cancer and Crohn's disease. But in general, symptoms of intestinal TB can be:
  • Stomach ache
  • Fever
  • Weight loss
  • Constipation or constipation
  • Diarrhea
  • Enlarged liver and spleen
  • Bloody bowel movements
In some cases, intestinal TB infection can cause intestinal obstruction which is an emergency condition, with symptoms in the form of a tense stomach, a lump in the stomach, and vomiting.

How to treat intestinal tuberculosis

Treatment of intestinal tuberculosis still causes much debate. This is because the number of studies examining the treatment of this condition is still very small when compared to research on the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. But in broad outline, the treatment of intestinal TB includes:

The use of antituberculosis drugs (OAT)

Anti-TB drugs used for intestinal TB are the same as antibiotics for pulmonary TB. Examples of drugs are rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. The ideal duration of OAT consumption to treat intestinal tuberculosis is still being studied. However, research shows that consumption of OAT for 6 months gives satisfactory results. Treatment for more than 6 months may be needed for intestinal tuberculosis cases with complications.

Operation

Surgery is needed in cases of intestinal tuberculosis that are accompanied by complications, such as perforation (hole), adhesion (adhesion), fistula, bleeding, and obstruction (blockage) of the intestine. Because the symptoms of intestinal TB are often nonspecific, it helps you to see a doctor immediately to consult and undergo further tests to make sure. Especially if you have a risk of TB. If you have been taking OAT and have been cured of intestinal tuberculosis but still feel a tense stomach, pain, nausea, and vomiting, do not hesitate to see your doctor again. This may be due to constriction or attachment of the intestine that continues after therapy.

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